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Climate change and its effect on insurance industry
Landa, Josef ; Daňhel, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kiovský, Tomáš (referee)
Climate change is an undisputable fact. However it has not been found out yet with certainty what role does the human activity play and how is climate change influenced by nature cycles. A major role play greenhouse gases trapped in the atmosphere. These gases are linked to various issues, one of them being the global warming. In order to reduce the amount of emitted greenhouse gases, various conferences on climate change took place. During meetings participants have been trying to find a solution for gradual reducing level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Climate change will probably result in more severe natural catastrophes, according to renowned scientists. Most probably there will be a rising occurrence of tropical cyclones, severe droughts or a change in rain precipitation throughout the world. Future predictions are not clear yet and there is still no common agreement among scientists about how the future developments will be. However there is a clear increasing trend in the amount of insured losses, economic losses and the number of catastrophic events, which influences insurance industry. This trend could be caused by more elements, including increasing insurance penetration, increasing concentration of economic values or increasing migration into hazard zones. Climate change can also be partly to blame for the negative developments of insured losses and therefore insurance industry should play a major role in an effort to assess possible future risks in order to decrease its vulnerability to future risk developments. Indemnity rise makes insurance companies and the whole industry more vulnerable to insolvency and thus new ways to diversify risks are being searched for. Cooperation between public and private sector is one of the solutions which help to make almost uninsurable risks insurable. However, there are still risks that are almost unbearable by cooperation of these two sectors. Alternative risk transfer to capital market is one of solutions for mitigating the possibility of huge future losses. In the process of an alternative risk transfer, investors are participating in catastrophe risk development through e.g. catastrophe bonds. Bonds give investors an opportunity to further diversify their portfolio and receive an attractive yield in return to an exposure to a risk of a big catastrophe loss which could result in installment cut, installment annulment or even principal annulment depending on the severity of the catastrophe. Through these risk transfer methods catastrophe losses of huge extents can be spread to more parties, helping to decrease the risk of default of parties and thus increasing the probability of liabilities settlement.
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The possibilities of applying ART products to natural disasters in the Czech Republic
Veverka, Matej ; Ducháčková, Eva (advisor) ; Daňhel, Jaroslav (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the possibilities of applying weather derivatives and catastrophe bonds as alternative risk transfer products, which enable to cope with natural disaster risk in the Czech Republic. The author highlights an obvious increase in occurrence and intensity of extreme climate events resulting into devastating floods. Total costs caused by floods in August 2002, which hadn't been known so far, had important impact on the Czech insurance market. The situation is in many aspects similar to circumstances, which led to the birth of ART products abroad. If the recent tendencies continue, Czech insurers will have to find new ways of dealing with these risks beside the traditional commercial insurance. In accordance with conclusions of this thesis, applying of catastrophe bonds isn't supposed in the future. However, the weather derivatives seem to be an alternative with great potential.
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Development of the Catastrophe Bonds and their correlation with other financial instruments
Čavojec, Ján ; Hnilica, Jiří (advisor) ; Varvařovský, Václav (referee)
This master thesis discusses the niche of reinsurance business -- catastrophe bonds. It provides a brief description of reinsurance in general, insurance-linked securities and catastrophe bonds. The goal of this thesis is to describe the development of cat bond market and the influence of economic and natural shocks on it. In order to analyze the effect, quarter issuance data are used together with Swiss Re Cat Bonds return indexes. In addition, several other variables (i.e. Munich Re and Swiss Re stock prices) and indexes are used. The most important indexes are Merrill Lynch high yield bonds and structured products. The shocks' influence is examined by analyzing the correlation between cat bonds yields and other financial instruments. The conclusion of the thesis is that during economic boom cat bonds are correlated with other instruments. In times of recession cat bonds' yields prove to be negatively or not correlated with other negatively affected instrument.
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